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The gas phase, from the macroscopic perspective, is defined as the state of a closed system in which molecules have no definite shape and no definite volume. From the microscopic perspective, the molecules are freely moving particles traveling through space, where the kinetic energy associated with each particle is greater than the potential energy of intermolecular forces. The gas phase is the first of three phases of matter that we shall address. Gases differ from liquids in that liquids have a definite volume, and the molecules in a liquid are in continuous contact with neighboring molecules.
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