d- and f- Block Chemistry PDF Free Download

The d-block of the periodic table includes group 3 to 12. The elements placed in the group 3 – 12 are called d-block elements. In these elements d-orbitals are progressively filled along with periods. f-block elements have been placed separately at the bottom of the periodic table. The f-block includes those elements in which 4 f and 5 f orbitals are progressively filled. d-block elements are also called transition elements (or transition metals) and f-block elements are also known as inner transition elements (or inner transition metals). The d-block elements are those that are found in the centre of the periodic table, from Group 3 to Group 12. The name d-block comes from the fact that the last electron reaches the penultimate shell’s d-orbital. These are known as transition elements because their properties fall in between highly reactive metallic s-block elements and nonmetallic p-block elements. The filling of 3d, 4d, 5d, or 6d orbitals corresponds to the four series of the d block.